In addition, representing small-scale processes of the atmosphere that are key to extreme weather events in climate models, such as turbulence, convection and cloud physics, is notoriously difficult.
In contrast, satellites typically measure climate variables (such as precipitation, temperature and humidity) indirectly and don’t yet have long enough data records to establish trends, though that’s beginning to change. “Rain gauges, for example, provide good measurements, but they’re local and spread far apart. “All our available tools have pros and cons,” says Teixeira. Quantifying those interconnections is a big challenge.
Evidence from satellites, aircraft, ground measurements and climate model projections are increasingly drawing connections.
While there’s not yet a full consensus on the matter, in recent years a body of evidence linking extreme weather with climate change has begun to emerge.
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